Contents

1. Introduction
2. Overview
3. European employment policy and territorial employment pacts
4. Economic development and employment policies at local level
5. The framework of territorial employment pacts
6. The origin and approach of the Italian territorial pacts
7. Workshop on partnership
8. Workshop on innovation
9. Workshop on integration
10. General conclusions and the way ahead
11. Annex A: Seminar programme
12. Annex B: List of participants

Introduction

In its communication Action for Employment in Europe: a Confidence Pact, the European Commission put forward practical proposals for developing employment opportunities and tackling unemployment. It particularly encouraged the promotion of territorial employment pacts, which were taken up by the Florence European Council as one of the instruments that could help boost employment.

The Commission is now working with Member State governments and regional/local level actors to launch some 60-90 territorial employment pacts, designed to develop new and experimental approaches to employment creation and to illustrate the added value of partnership, local-level cooperation and European networking. As the ideas behind the concept of territorial employment pacts are not entirely new, the pacts now under creation can benefit considerably from experience gained in the last ten years from local development and employment creation projects throughout the European Union.

The objective of this international seminar, which was the first event bringing together representatives of the pacts, was to provide information and advice to those involved in the process of preparing territorial employment pacts. Rather than providing a model, projects illustrating good practice were presented and discussed, in order to give ideas on possible ways of working to the coordinators of the pacts.

The main part of the Seminar comprised three workshops, one on each of the key dimensions of territorial employment pacts: partnership; innovation and integration. Each workshop was repeated three times with interpretation in different combinations of languages to allow participation of all in all workshops. Participants heard practical examples of how localities were organising their partnerships, and there was an opportunity for discussion and debate around the main themes. The workshops were preceded by a number of lectures which provided the policy context and the theoretical framework of pacts at European level. These were accompanied by presentations on the origin and approach of the Italian patti territoriali, information on progress in implementing them, and an overview of the work of CNEL in this field.

Participants were given practical information concerning the Commission's formal procedures relating to the preparation of the pacts. This included Resource Desk sessions with Commission officials and experts engaged to assist the Commission, a presentation on the financial support and technical assistance available from the Commission, and a presentation on the Electronic Forum which is being created to provide databases and facilities for the exchange of information and experience. (http://europa.eu.int/comm/pacts). Participants were also informed that the Commission intended to publish a brochure giving examples of good practice. Parts of the draft brochure were used as background documentation for the Seminar.

The seminar concluded with reports back from the workshops and observations by participants. In his closing remarks, Under-Secretary of State Isaia Sales emphasised the potential importance of pacts in the next generation of Community Support Frameworks.

This report provides the main points made in the presentations and discussions which took place during the seminar. It is not intended as a guide to setting up territorial employment pacts but rather as a summary report of a substantial debate on the subject.

Overall it was felt that the event provided a useful contribution to future work with pacts, and the participants expressed their satisfaction with the high standard of organisation of the seminar carried out by CNEL.

Overview

Giuseppe de Rita, President, CNEL

The speaker welcomed participants on behalf of the seminar organisers, CNEL, and presented an overview of the role of local development in Europe and the experience gained from the introduction of patti territoriali in Italy.

The importance of local development is finally being recognised. The role that the local level plays in promoting economic and employment development is clear. Evidence of this first appeared in the 1980s, with local businesses growing and generating employment opportunities on a comparable level to the direct investment activities of larger firms with headquarters located elsewhere. Second, as shown in the 1990s, the spontaneous process of local development has been spreading to many more regions in Europe.

Local development and, it is hoped, the territorial employment pacts initiative, give actors within regions and localities a common, unifying framework for action. The importance of this should not be underestimated:

• a sound economy at the local level is essential to address economic globalisation. A locality must have an identity that those who live, work or invest in an area can refer to;
• through local development we are creating social cohesion at the local level to accompany economic convergence policies. This means creating social cohesion as part of our local activities, going beyond the meaning of "social" as merely defending the welfare state;
• local development gives us more opportunity for new types of action at local level which bring together different aspects of economic development: both the formal and informal economy; small and large enterprises and the public and private sectors;
• local development fosters ways of working which promote collaboration, with many actors learning to work together in new ways;

• territorial dimension: requiring decisions about the appropriate size of the area of the pact - region or municipality. The Italian experience indicates that the municipality may be an appropriate level for organisation;
• strategy: it is important to try to do things in a systematic and strategic way, rather than through individual and possibly competing actions. It should be acknowledged that investments in both infrastructure and employment and training are legitimate, but that they must be developed as part of a whole strategy to maximise and target their effectiveness;
• operational dimension: the body responsible for managing the territorial pact must reflect a balance between democratic representation and managerial/operational efficiency;
• implementation: a number of practical issues need to be resolved to turn the agreement into reality, such as how to create a single body to manage the pact which can respond to issues as a unified group.

European employment policy and territorial employment pacts

Allan Larsson, Director-General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, European Commission

The speaker reviewed the main features of the economic and employment situation in Europe and explained the important contribution the territorial employment pacts can make to European Employment Policy.

Territorial employment pacts, as an integral part of President Santer's broader Confidence Pact, have their roots in Europe's number one problem: unemployment. Net employment growth has not kept pace with population increase, leading to an unemployment rate of over 10%.Half of this is made up of people who have been out of work for more than one year. Europe also has a relatively low employment rate of around 60%.

The Single Market and Economic and Monetary Union offer opportunities for increased prosperity and growth in Europe. However, this must move in tandem with support for employment and the reintegration of priority groups into the labour market. The European Employment Strategy focuses on the need to ensure that both the social and the economic benefits of economic integration are maximised. Since the Essen European Council of 1994, Member States have agreed to an overall approach to economic and employment growth which encompasses macro-economic and structural aspects as well as recognising the important role of the local dimension.

This strategy has achieved price and exchange rate stability and has strengthened the competitiveness of European enterprises. However, a number of structural obstacles remain which are hindering the progress of employment objectives. A major weakness is that the labour market is unable to respond effectively to the needs of the market without assistance. The need to shift from passive to active labour market policies, to equip and integrate those currently excluded, is now of vital importance if we are to meet the challenges of rapid industrial and technological change. The existence of high levels of long-term unemployment means that we need new dimensions to our social protection systems. We must be prepared to implement the social and economic measures needed to address the changing demographic character of the EU population.

The conditions for investment and growth are now better than they have been for some 20 years. It is time to act. It is time to restructure public expenditure, in line with the Florence agreement, to make labour market policies more active. This is the task of governments, social partners, employers and local actors - and a role of local employment pacts. The Amsterdam summit is providing an opportunity for the development of policies which combine both the economic opportunities and social support needed to ensure sustainable and employment intensive growth in the EU.

The key elements of the territorial employment pact are the involvement of all the relevant partners within a specified area and the development of a coherent strategy for job creation in the area. It should be seen as a way of doing more and doing better. It represents a search for effectiveness which goes beyond simply bringing together actors who are each responsible at their respective levels for implementing development policies. This search for effectiveness should not, as is too often the case, take as its starting point the inadequacies of enterprises or of different social groups. On the contrary, it should be founded on a diagnosis of each territory which identifies its needs and its potential. The expected result is that the synergy created will be more effective than if individual actors operated in isolation from one another.

Economic development and employment policies at local levels

Xavier Greffe, Professor at the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne), President of Leda Partenariat Association

Sven Illeris, Professor at Roskilde University

Paolo Leon, Professor at the Terza Università di Roma

The three speakers presented the theoretical framework for economic and employment development and underlined the importance of acting at local level to integrate economic and employment priorities, as well as highlighting possible tools to be used by local partnerships and pacts.

The development of partnerships and pacts is a response to the new needs of the economy and labour market. Xavier Greffe stated that society is experiencing two kinds of change: a greater variety in the types of activity carried out in the economy, and a greater level of individualism in activities. In the context of strong competition, with rapid social and technological change, enterprises must be able to modify their products and means of production constantly. To achieve this, they must be able to operate within a new environment which offers them services such as training, finance, research and development. This is particularly crucial for small and medium-sized enterprises which do not have their own resources.

New approaches to unemployment are now needed to meet the changing requirements of the market. These include active labour market policies which focus on the individual needs of unemployed people whilst being linked to the new market needs. The introduction and consumption of new services to companies and people necessitates the development of markets, financial circuits and relevant skills. However, one must be aware of the potential problems involved in using active labour market measures, as subsidised employment runs the risk of competing with employment created by the market.

All these changes require the services of a multitude of players. The market on its own cannot bring together the players and organise effective partnerships which will stimulate new activities and employment. There is a need for voluntary partnerships and formal coordination based on the existence of a meeting place and funding to create a pact.

Partnerships and pacts must be territorial because their strength lies in partners working together in the same environment, with actions complementing rather than competing with each other. By working together and offering and using common services, new ideas and initiatives among local firms can be supported. In order to avoid conflict between such measures, and to ensure a multiplicity of results, Paolo Leon also believes that it is of benefit to coordinate investment at local level. He emphasised the need for integration at local level, and for the development of new means of production, services and infrastructures.

Sven Illeris pointed out that unemployed people's lack of social and professional skills can be more effectively addressed at local level, since training can be tailored to individual needs. This level is therefore important as a means of bringing solutions in the form of training and subsidised employment, although the effectiveness of these measures is dependent on the existence of an entrepreneurial culture.

Partnerships differ according to the characteristics, conditions and needs of the area, and can offer more flexible and targeted approaches than standardised national actions. Partners within pacts must develop means of communication which allow flexibility and the development of new solutions to meet evolving needs.

However, partnerships and pacts must operate within the national context and try to maximise the opportunities offered by the national level. Xavier Greffe used the subsidiarity argument to explain the importance of the local level: "subsidiarity" has the same meaning as the Latin "Subsidium", i.e. do not send in the reserve troops until the last possible moment. In the fight against unemployment, it is important that local actors do not bring in their reserves immediately. If the national level provides all the resources at the start, the local level can become immobilised and can end up relying on national actions.

This concept of local control and empowerment was further developed by Paolo Leon when talking about the need to balance top-down activities and external finance with locally generated actions. There is a natural tendency nowadays for firms to downsize and reorganise themselves around their profit-making areas, and to introduce "just in time" priorities as a replacement for achieving economies of scale.

Despite these tendencies, decentralisation of other aspects of the economy and labour market are not happening by themselves. To operate effectively at local level, territorial pacts must be allowed to operate independently and to develop the capacity of local actors to manage the local environment effectively. All speakers emphasised the important role that local partnerships can play in providing innovative and integrated responses, but stressed that effort must be made to ensure that local job creation measures do actually create employment locally, rather than displacing it from other areas.

The framework of territorial employment pacts

Carmelo Messina, Head of Unit, European Commission (DG XVI)

Nelly Bandarra, Principal Administrator, European Commission (DG VI)

The speakers presented the European Commission's framework for territorial employment pacts, including criteria for selection, financial resources, and relevant experience from other European Union programmes.

Territorial employment pacts provide an opportunity for the integration at local level of aspects of regional, rural development and social policy. There is some experience of this through local integrated approaches, in particular in rural areas which have implemented LEADER (1) actions which support innovative ways of working. It is possible to build on this experience to develop new and innovative ways of working together to address the problem of unemployment.

There is no single model of a territorial employment pact. Indeed each will be unique, and specific to the local area, being based on an analysis of local needs and involving appropriate local expertise and knowledge. There are however four fundamental criteria to the establishment of territorial employment pacts:

• a bottom-up approach;
• a broad partnership with clearly-defined roles in terms of finance and activity of each partner;
• innovation in terms of content and action;
• integration.

There is a considerable body of experience in innovative and bottom-up approaches across the European Union, including those supported by Community Initiatives such as LEADER (1) and Urban (2), and measures within Community Support Frameworks, such as the programme on Local Urban and Rural Development in Ireland. Good practice suggests that there is a need to mobilise local actors and involve those with experience of the labour market from a range of perspectives. This means establishing some form of partnership with suitable links to a wider network, whilst avoiding the trap of merely creating another tier of bureaucracy. Establishing effective means of communication between people and organisations will be of paramount importance. It is through widespread local and regional partnerships that specific difficulties facing the area can be identified, together with the range of means to tackle them in an integrated and co-ordinated manner. Innovation relates to new approaches and new outputs. It involves new ways of working together as well as new initiatives. This implies a process which, by its nature, takes time to implement.

In order to initiate any actions the pact must identify appropriate resources. This requires sourcing finance locally, for example through commitments made by partners or by finding ways of using existing allocations of Structural Funds, with the agreement of the relevant Monitoring Committee.

The success of a pact and its actions depends above all on two factors: first, the full engagement of the partners and their representativeness; and second, the content of action plan - in particular its relevance to the needs of the area.

The origin and approach of the Italian territorial pacts

Andrea Gianfagna, Vice President of the Council for the Mezzogiorno Region of CNEL

Aldo Bonomi, Coordinator, Territorial pacts, CNEL

The speakers presented the origin and approach of the Italian territorial pacts, the achievements since its launch four years ago, the problems they have faced, and the practical solutions which have been carried out in response.

Andrea Gianfagna began by explaining the evolution of the pacts. Italy's experience of territorial pacts spans a four year period to date. Initially they were made up of an informal agreement between local actors, but nowadays the agreements are formalised through a legal commitment.

The success of the territorial pacts in Italy can be explained by the fact that they involve a wide variety of social actors, such as entrepreneurs, trade unions and other actors operating locally. The initiative began when the programme of assistance for the Mezzogiorno region came to an end.The economic and social actors of the region became aware that help would not materialise from above and that they would have to develop local actions in a coordinated manner to address the needs of the area. CNEL was ideally placed to take on the coordinating role for this activity, being representative of many local and regional economic and social organisations, as well as fully committed to the importance of local partnerships.

Work began through a process of consultation at local level, involving a multitude of local actors. In 1995 this resulted in the national Government introducing a legal framework for the development of association agreements between different partners as a means to develop structures to support employment. CNEL not only promotes the ideas of pacts and introduces different partners, but also assists them to the point of signing the pact agreements, approval by the Government and allocation of financial resources. This third party not only facilitates dialogue between partners but also serves as a form of guarantee for all those acting at local level.

The public partnership formed at local level between the trade unions, entreprises, authorities and local administration is remarkable. The role of the social/public partners is to stimulate dialogue between all parties. The trade union movement and entrepreneurs in the south play an active role in the territorial pacts, as do local mayors.

The territorial pacts have led to the emergence of a new ruling class and employment is definitely a priority. Out of 109 proposed territorial pacts in Italy, 9 are fully-fledged pacts, 3 are undergoing examination by the Ministry of Finance, 11 are in the process of being accepted by CNEL, 10 are about to be confirmed by the EU, and 12 are in the process of investigation and consultation.

Aldo Bonomi focused his presentation on the problems faced by pacts, how these have been addressed, and the role of pacts in local development.

Prior to the territorial pacts, Italy tried out many types of local development initiatives. In the 1950s, local actors tried to promote development in rural areas, but this initiative failed due to the introduction of Fordist industrial development poles, resulting in many rural areas effectively becoming merely labour supply areas to the industrial zones. It was not until the middle of the 1980s that initiatives such as the Integrated Mediterranean Programmes (IMP) started to stimulate integrated local development. In Italy, this also had limited success, largely due to a lack of local administrative support.

In the 1990s our response is to develop territorial pacts aimed at promoting integrated development to resolve the problems of unemployment.

These pacts consist of five main characteristics:

• they give support to a region;
• from an analysis of the region's characteristics, they select priorities and allocate responsibility;
• they adopt a global strategic approach;
• they make use of local knowledge (from universities, local authorities) to reinforce the capacity to generate locally-driven actions;
• they establish local networks with banks.

One must equally look at the quality of the local agreement. The main actors must be present. If an agreement does not have the full range of partners it will not achieve anything.

Finally, it should be recognised that territorial pacts have an important role to play in finding new solutions to unemployment and promoting new areas of economic activity. However, they are not the panacea of all problems and cannot be the only solution to unemployment brought about by de-industrialisation.

Workshop on partnerships

Animateur : Nelly Bandarra, Principal Administrator, European Commission (DG VI)

Rapporteur : Cathy Mortimore, LRDP

Introduction

This Workshop focused on the setting up of partnerships. The main issues covered in the presentations and discussion were:

• factors affecting the creation and evolution of partnerships;
• the size and composition of the partnership;
• the representativeness of the partnership at the local level;
• the justification of the partnership in terms of benefits and added value obtained;
• the role of the individual in the partnership;
• the form of the partnership.

• Kvinnum Resource Centre - a partnership focused on promoting the needs of women in a large rural area in Northern Sweden;
• Comité de Bassin d'emploi (CBE) in Vierzon, a partnership promoting the economic, employment and social development of Vierzon, France;
• the 15 Regional Conferences in North Rhine Westphalia which are a new attempt to devolve strategic development to a lower level below the Land;
• the ADM Partnership Companies in Ireland, a model which has been applied throughout the country, with the support of the national agency ADM (Area Development Management Limited).

All the examples presented highlight the fact that there is no single model of a partnership nor of a territorial pact. Different models are appropriate to different situations and are the result of different needs in an area. Partnerships evolve from many different factors.

• Kvinnum was set up following a national survey into the needs of women in rural areas. It was felt that women were under represented and were not receiving the economic, social and employment support they needed to remain in rural areas and to maintain a good quality of life. Kvinnum established itself to address these needs.
• The Regional Conferences in North Rhine Westphalia were the result of a decision at Land level to give a greater role to local organisations in the design of strategies and actions to tackle problems associated with the decline in coal and steel production in the area, which had led to the loss of some 200,000 jobs.
• Both the ADM Partnership Companies and the CBE models throughout France were a new response to problems of unemployment, long-term unemployment and social exclusion, which attempted to find new solutions by focusing actions and decision-making at the level of the problem, whilst feeding into national level policy making at the same time.

• For the ADM partnerships, a flexible approach to membership is preferred, reflecting the needs of the local area within the overall requirement that each ADM partnership should have three kinds of stakeholder equally represented in its membership: the state operating at local level, e.g. employment and training agencies; the social partners operating locally; and the community and voluntary sector.
• Kvinnum involves partners from all the main public agencies in the area as well as voluntary organisations working on issues affecting women. An interesting aspect of the Kvinnum partnership is its tiered structure which involves high level representatives of the main statutory agencies, including the Governor of the County Administration, on a board, which meets 2-3 times per year to oversee activities. There is also a management group of less senior representatives of the same agencies, and a working group to manage the day-to-day activities. This structure is linked to local people through a reference group made up of women who live in the local communities. This structure ensures that the grass roots needs are being addressed and that projects are legitimised at the higher political and funding level.
• The Vierzon CBE is a non-governmental structure which has been agreed by the regional representation of the national government (prefect). It has three types of partner: elected members of the region and locality; employers through their representative organisations such as chambers of commerce and industry, and; voluntary agencies, local employment agencies and individual employed and unemployed people. These three broad groups are allocated a 1/3 each share in the partnership. This structure is seen as representative of local needs and the organisations operating locally, with the backing of national government. This is an important element of partnerships in France.
• The Regional Conferences were a new approach to employment development at local level, and involved the establishment of new partnerships in the Land of North Rhine Westphalia. This was an initiative of the Land government to find new solutions and a more effective approach to employment creation. The overall objective is to create employment in the primary and intermediate labour market through projects and initiatives carried out through a partnership. This partnership is made up of the local labour offices, the social assistance administration, local development agencies, private businesses, trade unions, and the intermediate labour market associations. It is an attempt to bring all the main operators together to develop new ideas. Actions emerging from the partnership illustrate the value of different actors working together - a number of innovative intermediate labour market projects have been developed.

For a partnership to operate successfully there needs to be mutual benefit and the partnership must add value to what is being done already. This requires a prior estimate of the anticipated time and resource requirements of each partner, as well as a clear understanding of what the partnership hopes to achieve and the impact on the area. In this way the commitment can be assured over an agreed time period towards an agreed goal.

• The Regional Conferences are a clear example of an attempt by the Land government to improve local employment development, bringing the main operators together to develop a common strategy and share skills and know-how, rather than allowing them to operate independently and occasionally in competition with each other. The partners themselves see the benefits of this sort of co-operation through increased access to resources and greater co-operation between private firms and employment support organisations.
• The structure of the Kvinnum partnership was born out of the recognition that the effectiveness of agencies operating locally could be dramatically increased if they formed a partnership and if that partnership had direct links to the communities served.

The Kvinnum Partnership illustrates this point. All the members of the partnership, from Board level to Reference Group, are individually committed to the work of the partnership and are actively involved in promoting women's issues within their own organisations. This makes the working group's task much easier, as projects are approved and funding secured much more rapidly due to the direct links offered by the partnership to the decision-makers and budget holders.

The form of the partnership can vary greatly, depending on its objectives and the legal environment in which it operates. At one end of the spectrum there are partnerships which act as a forum for consensus building or which provide a means of communication between people and organisations. These may be informal, but should nevertheless work within a strategic framework and define common objectives.

• The Regional Conferences are a more informal partnership, with certain members coming together at different times depending on the specific project being developed. The overarching partnership meets to develop the main strategic priorities.
• CBE is an Association, formally constituted, with wide membership, a more formal structure, and a specific allocation of seats to different categories of partners.
• Kvinnum, also an Association, and legally constituted, operates in a more informal way.Formal meetings are scheduled 2-3 times per year among the different tiers of the partnership, but there is regular informal contact with all partners by the working group as necessary.
• Yet another model is that of the ADM partnerships, which are established as private companies limited by guarantee, and operate in a formal way in decision making, financial management and all other aspects.

The examples presented at the Workshop show that there is no single partnership model. However, despite very different structures and working methods, a number of points were highlighted as important for all the partnerships presented. These include:

• the importance of partnership developing out of need and not being imposed upon communities;
• the importance of a shared vision for the area, and the need for clear objectives and goals to ensure the full commitment and effectiveness of partners;
• the need for representativeness within the partnership. Partnership members should be regarded as legitimate in the communities in which they operate;
• the need to establish creative means of involving people in the decision-making process, such as informal meetings, discussions, newsletters, etc;
• the need for "flat" structures - no one organisation should hold the balance of power;
• the value of local partnerships in bringing the decision-making back to the location of the problem.

Marie Forsberg, KVINNUM Resource Centre tel: +46 63 30733, fax: +46 63 304 40

Tony Crooks, Area Development Management Ltd. Tel: +353 1 6613611, fax: +353 1 661 0411

Rene Grison, Comité de Bassin D'Emploi, Vierzon: +33 2 48758512, fax: +33 2 48755091

Manfred Segger, Landesentwicklungsgessellschaft tel: +49 210 286670, fax: +49 210 28667111

Workshop on innovation

Animateur : Lucio Paderi, European Commission (DG XVI)

Rapporteur : Marie Corman, LRDP

Introduction

This Workshop focused on innovation in managing partnerships and in the types of projects carried out within those partnerships. These promote:

• support for the creation of new enterprises;
• factors for development (Research and Development, technical innovation, services to enterprises);
• new sectors of employment, notably in the area of human resources, the environment and quality of life;
• the transformation from passive to active labour market measures;
• the flexibility of the labour market;
• personalised training programmes, professional development and measures geared towards those members of the labour market particularly disadvantaged such as: the long term unemployed, young people, etc.

• The Italian territorial pacts (Patti territoriali) which are agreements made at local level between partners to develop new structures and actions for employment;
• the Trägergesellschaft Schiffbau (TGS) in the western area of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern region of Germany. This was set upwith the help of funds to promote technical innovation to stimulate the creation of new enterprises;
• Glasgow Works in the UK, an example of the successful reintegration of disadvantaged people by creating service sector projects;
• Job Rotation in Denmark, which combines professional training programmes for employees with practical work experience for unemployed people.

These examples show that there are many different ways of stimulating innovation. Nonetheless, some lessons on methods may be identified:

In the case of Caltanissetta's territorial pact in Sicily, the response by local actors is the innovative aspect. Faced with the decline of a large Fordist chemical factory, local organisations, dissatisfied with the prospect of having to seek and wait for help from central government, realised that the mass employed industrial era had come to an end and that smaller independent work needed to be promoted.

The same approach towards the creation of enterprises has been implemented by the Trägergesellschaft Schiffbau (TGS) in the west of the Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In this new German Land, the social partners of the metal industry and regional government undertook the task of creating long term employment by forming and managing funds to promote innovation for the creation of new enterprises.

This example also shows how "soft" development measures such as research and development, technological innovation and services to businesses play an important role in employment development. In eastern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, TGS's scientific know-how has been used in new and innovative ways for the promotion of employment.

In the territorial pact area of central Appennino, innovation took the form of defining an integrated development strategy which would focus on the strengths of the area and the partners, whilst addressing the weaknesses. Actions within the partnership focused on providing services to small and medium sized enterprises to encourage the expansion of the textile industry, leather goods trade, tourism, and the general upgrading of the area.

In Calabria, a poor region in Southern Italy, another agreement - the territorial pact of Lametia Terme - developed an original idea of fixed social capital. It provides "goodwill" capital which develops social, cultural and institutional relationships and builds on the idea that the south is capable of creating and financing its own development. In support of this, the mayor of Lametia and the twenty surrounding villages took the initiative to set up a network of area animateurs to facilitate the emergence of an entrepreneurial culture.

Three examples presented at the workshop illustrated how opportunities in new sectors of employment can be exploited, particularly the service sector, the environment and quality of life.

Surrounded by a relatively prosperous area in the North of Italy, Rovigo in Veneto is characterised by high unemployment and a lack of labour market mobility to those areas where employment opportunities do exist, namely the richer areas of Bologna and Vincenza. The innovative aspect of the Rovigo pact is its contribution towards the creation of employment in the heart of the area, through mobilising local actors and improving important local resources, in particular the environmental area of Po which should be conserved and improved.

The Glasgow Works initiative in Scotland operates through locally-based projects which provide training and work experience for long-term unemployed people in activities where there is currently an unmet need and which are useful to the local economy and community. Glasgow Works also illustrates how passive employment benefits can be used actively. The long-term unemployed people who participate in the Glasgow Works programme acquire professional experience and training which provides a spring-board back into the labour market. 65% of participants find work or take up further education after their time with Glasgow Works, and 53% of the long-term (in excess of 3 years) unemployed get a job after completing the programme. 80% of these are full time and long term jobs. These remarkable results are due to efficient management and a structure linked at two stages: at the pilot stage at the beginning of the project by a strategically coordinated partnership, and at the implementation stage by active local partnerships.

In western Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the social partners of the metal industry and regional government have avoided areas of potential conflict and instead focused on areas of consensus in the area of active labour market policies. Together they have coordinated and launched employment and training programmes to address the unemployment problem in the area brought about by large-scale structural change. The TGS, which coordinates these programmes, intervenes at an early stage when companies begin to experience problems.

The theme of innovation in flexible labour market management is illustrated in the territorial pact in Caltanisseta, Sicily, where key actors who make up the Association of employers and trade unions, together with the local authorities, have come together to create a local consultative body which has agreed new rules for the labour market. This involved an "amnesty" for four years to people currently working in the informal economy, to encourage them into the formal economy through a reduction in administration procedures.

Finally, innovation can be seen in actions for training and employment development for long term unemployed people, in the Glasgow Works and Job Rotation initiatives. Long-term unemployed people who take part in the Glasgow Works programme benefit from a personal assessment and career development programme. Because it is difficult to forecast changes in the job market even over a period of five years, training concentrates on skills which are transferable and the ability to learn and teach. But training on its own is insufficient. A principal philosophy is that you need to have a job in order to get a job. Thus, during their time with Glasgow Works trainees carry out real tasks and earn a real wage. Even at the end of the programme, they continue to benefit from a personalised career plan and are re-integrated into the job market.

In Denmark, workers have the opportunity to suspend their employment temporarily to undertake training whilst keeping their salaries. During this training they are replaced by unemployed people who benefit from work experience.

Conclusion

The examples presented provide much food for thought. The following points are of particular interest:

Innovation consists of imagining new solutions in response to need, to promote the maintenance and creation of employment. These actions can consist of various elements, including assistance in creating and expanding enterprises, technical innovation and organisation, the launching of new means for employment, activating passive labour market measures, flexible approaches to what constitutes "work", and personalising professional training programmes specifically geared towards those disadvantaged in the work market.

These actions have improved the potential of areas, be they urban, rural, experiencing industrial decline, or suffering from low levels of development. By operating in a concerted way, resources and effort are maximised for individual partners as well as for the area as a whole. Partnerships also smooth the path for new initiatives, for example with the introduction of subsidised labour market activities and their relationship with the formal labour market. In this case a public/private partnership can address potential conflicts of interest when projects are developed.

Because they reach the same point of convergence from different points of interest, value and perception, the partnerships are themselves forms of innovation in seeking new solutions. Partnerships must create structures and functions which guarantee sufficiently wide representation of the local community and effective management. One solution is to create multi-level partnerships made up of a strategic and operational level.

Finally, the role of an entrepreneurial culture is an important indication of an area's ability to operate in an innovative way. A culture of entrepreneurship helps people see new ways of doing things, using resources in different ways and seeing new opportunities in the local market. It encourages flexible approaches and greater imagination in project design, which can ultimately lead to new and sustainable jobs.

Contact details

Aldo Bonomi, Patti Territoriali, CNEL, tel: +39 6 3692291, fax: +39 6 3692363

Bob Marshall, Glasgow Works: tel: +44 141 2041111, fax: +44 141 2481600

Günter Hoffman, TGS tel: +49 381 8085221, fax: + 49 381 085240

Kurt Hansen, North Jutland Labour Market Council tel: + 45 99 339000, fax: +45 98 120894

Workshop on integration

Animateur: Angelo Baglio, European Commission (DG V)

Rapporteur: James Magowan, LRDP

Introduction

The Workshop considered the integration of strategies and actions. The main issues covered in presentations and discussion were:

• creating a culture of co-operation at various levels and opening up channels of communication between people and organisations;
• integrating economic and social objectives through employment creation measures;
• integrating top-down and bottom-up approaches;
• creating synergy such that the impact of the whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts.

• Orchard Park and North Hull Enterprises (UK) - a local initiative integrating the economic, employment and social needs of marginalised people;
• the Future Contract for Limburg (Belgium) - based on a partnership dealing with social and economic issues arising from the closure of coal mines in the region;
• Arbeit und Lernen in Hamburg - an initiative creating a pathway into employment based on the construction industry;
• the Barcelona Industrial Accord - An agreement between 20 local authorities and social partners which aimed to achieve co-operation and co-ordination around several strategic themes.

Experience of integration exists at a range of levels, from the highly localised to the regional, and is related to a range of situations. The examples considered in the Workshop were of four very different experiences, but they all combined social and economic objectives through integrated approaches. All involved partnership arrangements and demonstrated innovation in dealing with locally specific issues. There was a strong focus on employment creation in a changing environment through active intervention in the labour market, both directly through new initiatives and indirectly through co-ordinating existing activity.

• Orchard Park and North Hull Enterprises provides an example of a local approach to tackling serious social and economic deprivation. A detailed needs analysis was the starting point for developing an integrated strategy involving a wide range of organisations. These organisations are responsible for providing employment support and advice as well as business support, job placement and training.
• Similarly in Limburg the involvement and participation of local people was critical. The Future Contract for Limburg emerged from a specific local crisis - the closure of coal mines in the region. It involved partnership between local, regional and national authorities and the European Commission, and the signing of a common declaration with clear aims:
• stimulating employment opportunities in Limburg
• reducing the unemployment rate
• encouraging participation in education and training, in particular targeting those affected directly and indirectly by the closure of mines
• starting major reconversion initiatives in the communities where pits were closed.

• The example of Arbeit und Lernen in Hamburg illustrated how pathways to employment through a sectoral approach can be developed. The project was based on a building company which provided 'learning on the job' for long-term unemployed people. The company concentrated on carrying out building and restoration work on historic monuments. Careful consideration was given to the potential impact on the primary labour market through this secondary or intermediate labour market activity. Work could only be approved once a working committee involving representatives from employers' organisations agreed that there was no conflict. Again, a highly personalised approach was adopted, recognising that the people involved faced a range of difficulties associated with unemployment. There was thus a strong emphasis on social welfare support and on developing personal as well as vocational skills.
• The agreement in Barcelona involved some 20 local authorities and the social partners. It sought to unite the production base and industrial fabric of the region and to foster entrepreneurial and employment initiatives. Whilst operating at a higher level, it maintains strong local links through local authorities and the social partners. It therefore represents a sophisticated 'bottom-up' approach based on the three pillars of local authorities, employer associations and trades unions. The accord did not provide for new activities or initiatives, but ensured instead that there was co-operation and co-ordination around several strategic themes:
• accessibility
• sustainability
• training
• industrial economy
• social dialogue

The integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches is essential to avoid duplication and to customise activities at local level so that they respond better to local needs and achieve greater impact. Integration is both horizontal (between people and organisations operating at the local level) and vertical (working through to regional, national and EU levels). It should encompass a range of aspects including know-how, methods, policies, actions, objectives and structures, bringing together a series of co-ordinated measures concentrated on the same area or issue which can be initiated at he same time.

The integration process itself requires three main steps:

Needs analysis

An overall view of the needs of the area and the context in which a strategy is to be set - this may include detailed local consultation, review of data, and socio-economic analysis. It is important to establish a common understanding of the area's development/employment problems and of its economic potential.

Strategy development

The next step is to develop common objectives, based on consensus, which are balanced and address the various needs of the area; and to define how the actions will be implemented. The strategy should seek to identify and fill gaps in existing provision and to provide for the creation of links between organisations. A critical aspect is the integration of locally developed projects with national programmes to meet local needs.

Action

The third step is to ensure co-ordination and co-operation in action in order to avoid duplication. This requires management, including open monitoring and evaluation of activities, with all partners understanding and participating in the decision making process in a regular way.

The above represents an ongoing process which develops over time, building on actions undertaken, reviewing and improving approaches and methods.

Conclusions

A territorial employment pact can be a useful tool in integrating employment with other development actions in an area. It can help ensure the commitment of those people and organisations with the relevant know-how and resources to an explicit statement of common objectives with a focus on employment. Integrating employment, social and economic development priorities must be a priority if we are to effectively tackle problems of labour market exclusion, unemployment and underdevelopment.

The presentations and discussions indicated that:

• the processes involved are critical to the successful integration of strategies and actions. They are complex and dynamic and require the creation of a culture of co-operation at various levels;
• integration exists both between organisations operating locally, and between local, regional and national actions;
• the main steps in the process include a needs analysis, the development of a strategy, and the preparation of actions.

Bob Edmondson, OPNHE: tel: +44 1482 806700, fax: +44 1482 328230

Bert Verbrugghe, Ministry of the Flemish Community: tel: +32 2 507 3740,

fax: +32 2 502 4702

Ignacir Ragas, Barcelona City Council: tel: +34 3 402 7457, fax: +34 3 301 8876

Wilfred Buntzly, Arbeit und Lernen, tel: +49 40 64600911, fax: +49 40 64600926

General conclusions and the way ahead

David Coyne, Head of Unit, European Commission (DG V)

Experience to date, and the results of the discussions in the workshops and plenary sessions of the Seminar, have led to a number of general conclusions which should guide further work on territorial employment pacts. These were summarised by the speaker, as follows:

• setting up a territorial employment pact is not an impossible task. It does, however, require considerable work, especially in building the partnership and the communications between partners, and in creating a community of interest. Real effort is also needed to keep the partnership process going. These efforts are nevertheless worthwhile as this might bring added value in many ways, not only in greater efficiency in the use of existing resources but also in terms of synergy and local democracy;
• there is no single model for territorial employment pacts. Every pact will be different and each strategy should respond to local circumstances;
• however, in all pacts there must be a clear intention to create new jobs, which are real, stable and sustainable and that do not merely displace existing jobs elsewhere;
• in each partnership there should be people who understand how the financing of actions should work. This will be essential in order to obtain resources from local/regional, national and European Union sources for the implementation of the pact's programme;
• we do not need to re-invent the wheel. Much of the work concerning the development and implementation of a pact can build on existing experience in this field. Perhaps those who argue that "local development's time has finally come" are right.

Annex A: Seminar programme
 
 

Saturday 3 May
 
 

Participants arrive
 
 

Evening: dinner at hotel
 
 

Sunday 4 May

15.00	Bus from the Hotel
15.30	Registration
16.00 - 16.30	Opening address Mr De Rita, President, CNEL
16.30 - 17.00	Speech on European employment policy and territorial employment pacts Alan Larsson, Director-General DG V, European Commission
17.00 - 17.30	Introduction to the seminar The theoretical framework of the territorial employment pact C. Messina, DG XVI Good practice and territorial employment pacts: past and future, their contribution to rural development N. Bandarra, DG VI Objectives of the seminar and presentation of the work programme D. Coyne, DG V
17.30 - 18.00	Patti territoriali: The Italian experience Andrea Gianfagna, CNEL Aldo Bonomi, CNEL
	Tour of Rome
Evening	Dinner offered by CNEL

 

Monday 5 May

09.30 - 10.30	Plenary session - The European experience Framework for employment partnerships and pacts: Member States policies and programmes Professor Xavier Greffe, Sorbonne, Paris Employment policies at local level Professor Sven Illeris, Roskilde University, Denmark Economic development policies at local level Professor Paolo Leon, Terza Università di Roma
10.30 - 11.00	Coffee break
11.00 - 13.00	1st set of parallel workshops
13.00 - 14.30	Lunch
14.30 - 15.30	Forum and resource desk
15.30 - 17.30	2nd Set of Parallel workshops
17.30 - 18.00	Coffee break
18.00 - 18.30	Plenary session The technical assistance provided by the Commission D. Boutellier, DG XVI How to communicate between partners: the electronic forum M. Van Dingenen, DG VI Best practices, the exchange of experience process and future activities D. Coyne, DG V
18.30 - 19.30	Forum and resource desk

 

Tuesday 6 May

09.00 - 11.00	3rd set of parallel workshops
11.00 - 11.30	Coffee break
11.30 - 13.30	Round table discussion in plenary session Synthesis of workshops findings Representatives of DG V, XVI, VI plus experts Debate/discussion on surrounding issues addressed in the workshops European Commission policy response David Coyne, DG V Closing address Mr De Rita, President, CNEL
13.30	Lunch

 

Resource desk open until 15.00
 
 

Annex B: List of participants
 

 

NAME

POSITION

ORGANISATION

ADDRESS

TEL/FAX

MEMBER STATES - TERRITORIAL PACTS
ANDERSEN Bjarni	Employment Pact Oresund	Oresundskommitten	Holbergsgade 14 DK-1057 Kopenhamn K	Tel+45 33 121222 Fax+45 33120722
ANDERSEN Ole	Head of Office Employment pact Arhus Amt	Flygtningesektionen Randers Kommune -	Laksetorvet DK-8900 Randers	Tel+45 89 151500 Fax+45 89 151513
ATHANASO-POULOS Seretis	Prefect  Employment Pact Achaia,Western Greece	Prefecture of Achaia	Korinthou 327  GR-261 10 Patras	Tel:+30 61 277982 Fax:+30 61 273581
BRANDAO Eduarda	Adviser, Employment Pact Vale do Sousa	Association of Municipalities	Praça de A. Meirales PT-4620 Lousada	Tel+351 55 913768 Fax+351 55913768
BRUCKMOSER Manfred	Advisor National co-ordinator	Republik Österreich Bundeskanzleramt	Hohenstaufengasse 3 A-1010 Wien	Tel:+43 1 531152913 Fax:+431 531154120
BRUSS Kurt	National co-ordinator	Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialiordnung	Rochusstraat 1 D-53123 Bonn	Tel+49 228 5272716 Fax+49 228 527 1209
BRYNIELSSON Håkan	Employment pact Kalmar Lan	Kommunförbundet	I Kalmar Iän, Box 741 S-39127 Kalmar	Tel+46 480 61569 Fax+46 480 51252
BUTLER John	Manager, Employment Pact Dundalk	Dundalk Employment Partnership Ltd	Partnership Court Park Street IRL-Dundalk Co Louth	Tel+353 42 32088 Fax+353 42 30552
CANEVET Marine	Chargée de Mission Employment Pact CBE d'Ussel	Comité de Bassin d'Emploi d'Ussel	rue Le Peletier,31 F-75009 Paris	Tel+33 1 47704158 Fax+331 47700031
CHACARTEGUI Fidel	Employment Pact Bahia de Cadiz	Mancomunidad Bahia de Cadiz	Pza de San Juan de Dios, Edif. Amaya , 3 planta E-11005 Cadiz	Tel+34 56 272 114 Fax+34 56 27 2 114
CHEDAL-ANGLAY Ghislaine	Animatrice de Comité -Pacte CBE d'Albertville	Comité de Bassin d'emploi de l'arrondissement d'Albertville	85 rue Dr. Jean-Baptiste MATHIAS BP 112 FR-73207 Albertville	Tel+33 04 79320655 Fax+33 04 79370811
COEHLO Lina	Co-ordinator Employment Pact Marinha Grande	Comissão de Coordenacão da Região Centro	Rua Bernardim Ribeiro,80 PT-3000 Coimbra	Tel:+351 39 400198 Fax:+351 39 701 657
CORELLOU-DAVIDOVSKI Carol	Co-ordinator Employment Pact Berlin	Gesellschaft für soziale Unternehmensberatung	Orienburger Strasse 65 D-10117 Berlin	Tel +49 30 28308573  Fax:+49 30 28308510
DA CONCEICAO ALFONSO Maria	National Coordinator - DGEFP	Direction générale d'Emploi et Formation	Praça de Londres 2 PT-1091 LISBONNE	Tel :+351 1 841 07 41 Fax :+351 1 847 0010
DALUISO Emmanuele	Technical Coordinator Employment Pact Nord-Barese			Tel + Fax : +39.883.43.665
DE SEREEN Christina	Employment Pact Provincia de Oristano	Association of Industries of Oristano	via F.Brunelleschi,26 I-09170 Oristano	Tel+39 783 303517 Fax+39 783 73544
DEVIMEUX Thierry	Commissaire à l'Aménagement Pacte St Denis	Commissariat à l'Aménagement des Hauts	10 rue de Nice F-97400 St Denis de la Réunion	Tel+262 904750 Fax+262 407701

DI LORENZO Antonio	Employment Pact Sicilia Alto Belcie-Corleonese			Tel :+39 91 857 41 44 Fax:+39 91 857 47 96
DIAZ Conception	Chef de Service National Co-ordinator	Ministerio de trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Unidad Admnistradora del Fondo Social Europeo	Pio Baroja 6 E-28009 Madrid	Tel:+34 1 4090941 Fax:+34 1 5741601
DIMOPOULOS Panagiotis	Employment Pact Western area Athens/Piraeus	Western Area of Athens and Piraeus	Pireos Street, 40 GR-11180 Athens	Tel:+30 1 5295316 Fax:+30 1 5295 167
DRILHOLE Patrice	Chargé de mission Pacte du Périgord Noir	Mairie de SARLAT, Espace Economic Emploi, pays du Périgord Nord	Place Marc BUSSON, FR-24200 SARLAT	Tel : +33.5.53315604 Fax : +33.5.53315634
DUJEUX Joël	Animateur - Pacte d'Emploi CBE de la Pointe des Ardennes	A.D.E.P.P., Association de Développement du Pays de la Pointe	43 rue Pasteur Immeuble C.I.S.E. F-08320 VIREUX-MOLHAIN	Tel:+ 33.3.24426766 Fax:+33.3.24426768
EGGEN W.	Co-ordinator Employment Pact Limburg	Province of Limburg Dept of Economy	Postbus 5700 NL-6202 MA Maastricht	Tel:+31 43 38977863 Fax:+3143 3897 7107
EINHAUS Franz	Managing Director Employment Pact Niedrsachsen	Berufsbildungs-u.Beschaftigungsgesellschaft  Landkreis PEINE	Burgstr.1 D-31224Peine	Tel:+49 5171 401255 Fax:+49 5171 401202
FERNANDEZ Nicolas	Director Employment Pact Ceuta	PROCESA	Teniente Olmo, 2-3 planta E-51001 Ceuta	Tel+34 56 515171 Fax+34 56 511627
FISCH Maryse	Administrateur Coordinatrice	Ministère du Travail	RueZithe, 26 L-2939 Luxembourg	Tel:+352 4786119 Fax:+352 4786325
FISCHER Matthias	Employment Pact Nordrhein-Westfalen	Europa -Referat Ministerium Für Wirtschaft und Mittelstand	Haroldstr.4 D-40190 Düsseldorf	Tel+49 211 837 2504 Fax+49 211 837 3108
FROM Gun	Employment Pact Jämtland	Kommunförbundet I Jamtland	Box 3123 S-83103 Ostersund	Tel +46 63 144330 Fax +46 63 143064
GEUDENS Xavier	Région Wallonne	Minstère de la Région Wallonne	Rue de la Loi, 38  B-1040 Bruxelles	Tel+32 2 2381211 Fax+322 2381200
GIORDANO Christiane	Directeur général Pacte Plan Marseille Emploi	Plan Marseille Emploi	Les Docks Atrium 102 10, Place de la Joliette F-13002 Marseille	Tel+33 4 91904242 Fax+33 4 91909048
GONZALES RELATS Olga	Employment Pact Valles Occidental	Conseil Commercial Valles Occidental	Carretera N-150 Km, 14,5 E-08200 Sabadell	Tel+34 3 727 4069 Fax+34 3 7271969
PETKANIS T.	Economics Advisor Employment Pact Western Greece Kozani & Florina	Prefecture of Kozani and Florina	GR-Florina	Tel:+30 461 36961 Fax:+30 461 32633
GRIJAPIS Elias	President  Employment Pact Viotia	Prefecture of Viotia	Karagianopoulos Str. GR-Levadia	Tel:+30 261 80386 Fax:+30 261 26845
HEINIMAA Sauli	Project Secretary Employment Pact Tampereen Kaupunki	City of Tampere	Konttorilomake 7669 FIN-Tampere	Tel +3583 2196226 Fax+3583 2196382
HELLQVIST Björn	Head of Planning Dept. Employment Pact Värmland	County Council in Värmland - Office of the Executive Board	S-65182 Karlstad	Tel+46 54 194379 Fax+46 54 194057

HONKAKOSKI Yrjö	Employment Pact Kemin Kaupunki	Town of Kemi	Kemin Kaupunki Valtakatu 26 Fin-94100 Kemi	Tel+358 16 259201 Fax+358 16 259699
HUG Claus	Employment Pact Voralberger Beschäftigungs-pakt	AMS Landesgeschäftsstelle Voralberg	Rheinstrasse 32 A-6903 Breganz	Tel+43 5574 691247 Fax+435574 691200
IANNUZZI Salvatore	Coordinateur du Pacte d'Emploi Agro Nocerino Sarnese	Agro Nocerino Sarnese		Tel +39 81 5512600 Fax +39 81 517 1997
JACOBSSON Erling	Head of Mission ESF, National co-ordinator	Employment Service	Drottninggatan, 21 S-10333 Stockholm	Tel:+46 8 4051251 Fax:+46 8 210842
JANSEN Hildegard	Administrator Employment Pact Bremen	Ministry of Labour	Contrescarpe, 73 D-28195 Bremen	Tel:+49 421 3614481 Fax:+4942136118187
JOHANSEN Mikael	Employment Pact Bornholms Amt	County of Bornholm Central Administration	Ullesvej, 23 DK-3700 Ronne	Tel :+45 5695 8000 Fax :+45 5695 7397
KARAGEORGIOU A.	Employment Pact Magnesia, Central Greece	Prefecture of Magnesia	GR-Magnesia	Tel:+30 421775339 Fax:+30 42170943
KIRKKOLA Antti	Project Manager Employment Pact Turun Kaupuni	Masina-Project	Sepänkatu 5 FIN-20700 Turku	Tel+358 2 2739600 Fax+358 2 2337053
KOUSTA E.	Administrator, National co-ordinator	National Labour Institute	K. Palama, 6-8 GR-11141 Athens	Tel:+30 1 2111906 Fax:+30 12285122
LALANNE Philippe	Commissaire pour l'Emploi Employment Pact Charte Initiative Emploi	Préfecture du Bas-Rhin	Direction Régionale du Travail r. du Jeu d'Enfants 6 F-67082 Strasbourg	Tel+33 3 88 154300 Fax+33 3 88 154343
LAURBERG Hans Christian	Head of Social Fund Divisio, National co-ordinator	Ministry of Labour	Holmens Kanal 20 DK-1060 Kobenhavn	Tel+45 33 92 5972 Fax+4533 153568
LEMASSON V.	Employment Pact Bruxelles Capitale	Employment Office - ORBEM Brussels	Bd Anspach 65 B-1000 Brussels	Tel+32 2 5051411 Fax+32 2 511 3052
LESSING Daniela	Employment Pact Beschäftigungs-pakt Wien	Municipal Directorate Dept. for EU policies and Fundings	Schlesingerplatz 2-4 A-1080 Wien	Tel +431 4000 82589 Fax+431 4000 7215
LHOMME Philippe	Coordinateur Région Wallonne	Minstère de la Région Wallonne	Rue de la Loi, 38  B-1040 Bruxelles	Tel+32 2 2381211 Fax+322 2381200
LIARTE PARRES Julio	Director, Employment Pact Melilla	E.M. Project of Melilla S.A.	Pza. de Espana, 1 E-52001 Melilla	Tel +34 5 2890128 Fax:+34 5 268 5578
LINNAPUOMI Pekka	Senior advisor Employment Pact Lohjan Kaupunki	The Association of Finnish Local Authorities	Toinen linja 14 FIN-00530 Helsinki	Tel+358 9 771 2080 Fax+358 9 771 2570
LION Patricia	Pacte Territorial pour l'Emploi du Bassin Henuyer	Ministère de la Région Wallonne	Rue de la Loi, 38  B-1040 Bruxelles	Tel+32 2 2381211 Fax+322 2381200
LYSSELIS Aggelos	Consultant Employment Pact Drama, Eastern Greece	Prefecture of Drama	Prefecture GR-66100 Drama	Tel:+30 521 32443 Fax:+30 521 35013
MÄKIJÄRVI Leena	Project leader Employment Pact Lahden Kaupunki	Chamber of Commerce	Niemenkatu 73 FIN-15210 LAHTI	Tel+358 3 811 4209 Fax+358 3 751 1524

MAYR Anette	Regional manager Employment Pact Tiroler Oberland Auberfern	Initiative Regionalentwicklung Und Raumordnung	Ing. Ballerstrasse 1 A-6460 Imst	Tel/Fax +43 54 126 6101
MEYER Joachim	Director Employment Pact Hamburg	Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg		Tel++4940 2988 3201 Fax+4940 2988 3353
MONZAT M.	Directeur général Pacte régional Languedoc-Roussillon	Hôtel de Région	201, av. de la Pompignagne F-34064 Montpellier Cédex 2	Tel+33 4 67 228000 Fax+33 4 67 204836
MORALES Juan	Director Employment Pact Cuencas Mineras de Asturia	Agencia para la Promocion del Empleo	Plza de Espana, 13 E-33071 Oviedo- Asturias	Tel:+34 8 5106401 Fax:+34 8 5106412
MOTHES  Romain	Employment Pact PLIE de Saint Herblain	Plan Local D'Insertion Economique	Bd. Marcel Paul,368 F-44806 Saint-Herblain	Tel:+33 2 40920363 Fax:+33 2 40920258
MUSTAJARVI Markus	Employment Pact Koillis - Lapin Kuntayhtymä	The Local Federation of Nort-East Lapland	Työvoimatoimisto Postipolku 4 FIN-98900 Salla	Tel+358 16 832 341 Fax+358 16 832 345
O'HARE Eamon	Employment Pact Dublin	Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council	County Hall Dun Laoghaire IRL-Co Dublin	Tel+353 1 205 4700 Fax+353 1 2300128
OVERBEEK Hans	Co-ordinator Eur. Programmes Employment Pact Noord-Brabant	Province Noord - Brabant	Postbus 90151 NL-5200 MC 's Hertogenbosch	Tel :+3173 6812613 Fax:+3173 6812217
PAHKALA Marjatta	Project Manager Employment Pact Lisalmen alue	Iisalmi Town	P.O. Box 15 FIN-74101 IISALMI	Tel+358 17 830 1240 Fax+358 17 830 1565
PJETRI Jack	Pacte Territorial pour l'Emploi de l'ouest du Brabant Wallon	Minstère de la Région Wallonne	Rue de la Loi, 38  B-1040 Bruxelles	Tel+32 2 2381211 Fax+322 2381200
POLISSET M.	Secrétaire général Pacte du Pays du Loudunais	Mairie de Loudun - Commuauté de communes du SISEL	Hôtel de Ville F-82200 LOUDIN	Tel+33 5 49981538 Fax+33 5 49981288
POTTER Joe	Manager, Employment Pact Mullingar	Westminster Community Development Ltd	Presentation House Harbour Street IRL-Mullingar Co.Westmeath	Tel+353 44 48571 Fax+353 44 48441
RADH Lars	Vice Mayor Employment Pact Stockholm Del av	Borgarrad Stockholms Stad - Labourmarket and Education	Address 105 S-10535 Stockholm	Tel+46 8 50829191 Fax+46 8 50829079
REHBERG Frank	Freistaat Bayern, co-ordinator	IMU-Institut für Medienforschung u. Urbanistik	Hermann-Lingg Str.10 Rgb. D-80336 München	Tel+49 89 544 126-0 Fax+49 89 544126-11
REILLY Sean	Senior Advisor, National Co-ordinator	Department of the Taoiseach, Local Development Section	Government Building IRL-Dublin 2	Tel+353 1 662 4888 Fax+353 1 6799261
RICHTER Gerhard	Senior Advisor Employment Pact Sachsen	Stiftung Innovation u. Arbeit Sachsen	Bertolt Brechts Allee 24 D-01309 Dresden	Tel+49 351 31992200 Fax+49 35131992215
ROMERA Aurera	Employment Pact Castilla y Leon	Junta de Castilla y Leon	Arco de Ladrillo, Edif. Centro Madrid, 1-2 planta E-47071 Valladolid	Tel+34 83 413913 Fax+34 83 413912
ROSSI Roberto	Employment Pact Appennino Centrale			Tel :+39 575 730 214 Fax :+39 575 730 201
SAIKKONEN Paavo	Senior Advisor	Ministry of Labour	P.O.Box 524 FIN-00101 Helsinki	Tel+358 9 18569279 Fax+358 9 18569296 Paavo.Saillonen@pt2.tempo.mol.fi
SALLETMAIER Christian	Employment Pact Landes Salzburg	Land Salzburg	Alpenstrasse 48 A A-5010 Saltzburg	Tel+43662 80424231 Fax+43 66280424010 e-mail : post@wirtscaft.land-sbg.gv.at
SAMPERI Maria	Advisor - Employment Pact Caltagione	Comune di Caltagirone	Town Hall I-Caltagione	Tel+39 9 33 24695 Fax+39 9 33 26622
SILVA Paulo	Employment Pact Alentejo &Alqueva	Commission de Coordination Alentejo	Estrada das Piscinas, 193 PT-7000 Evora	Tel+351 66 740300 Fax+351 66 26562
SONDERN J.E.	Dept Economic Affairs Employment Pact Flevoland	Province of Flevoland	Postbus 55 NL- 8200 AB Lelystad	Tel+31 320 265 265  Fax+31 320 265260
STAHLBRANDT Kirsten	Employment Pact Stromstad	Municipality of Stromstad	Norra Bergsgatan, 23 S-45289 Stromstad	Tel +46 526 19000 Fax+46 526 19127
STERMOSE Jorgen	Head of Dept. Employment Pact Sonderjyllands Amt, Vestdelen & Alsubdområdet	AF Sonderjylland Regionskontoret	Bjerggade, 4K DK-6200 Aabenraa	Tel+45 74632120 Fax+45 74632363
THEUT Hans C.	Employment Pact Viborg Amt	Viborg Amt	Skottenborg 26 Postbox 21 DK-8800 Viborg	Tel+45 87 271700 Fax+4586 62 6862
TILLETT Liz	Employment Pact London	Department for Education and Employment - European Union Division	Caxton House Tothill Street UK-London SW1H 9NF	Tel+44 171 273 4797 Fax+44 171 273 4814
VANHUYSSE Eric	Co-ordinator, Employment Pact CBE Roubaix-Tourcoing	Comité de Bassin d'Emploi Roubaix-Tourcoing	Rue du Haze, 88 F-50200 Tourcoing	Tel+33 3 20241100 Fax+333 20 70 48 16
VERNAUDON Dominique	Adviseur Coordinatrice Nationale	Ministère du Travail	55, av.Bosquet F-75007 Paris	Tel+33 1 44382825 Fax+33 1 44383408
VERSACE Silvio	Coordinator Employment Pact Nord Est Provincia di Napoli			Tel + 39 81 521 91 11 Fax +39 81 521 9236
VERVLOET Louis	Director ESF, National co-ordinator	Ministry of the Flemish Community	Markiesstraat, 1 B-1000 Brussel	Tel+32 2 5073111 Fax+32 2 5074425
VLAZAKIS Adreas	Prefect Employment Pact Central Macedonia, Imathia	Prefecture of Imathia	Prefecture of Imathia Gr-Imathia	Tel+30 331 22310 Fax+30 331 72294
WALKER Neil	Manager Employment Pact Limerick	PAUL Partnership	Unit 25 The Tait Centre Dominic Street IRL-Limertick	Tel+353 61 419388 Fax+353 61 418098
WOLF Eliette	Employment Pact Dudelange	Municipality of Dudelange	L-3401Dudelange	Fax+352 516121205

ZIMMERMAN Peter	Employment Pact Sachsen Anhalt	Wirtschaftsf rderungsamt	Donaltiesstrasse 17 D-06712 Zeltz	Tel+49 3441 80550 Fax+49 3441 805580
ZOLLO Marco	Employment Pact Molise/Matese			Tel:+39 874 47 12 18 Fax +39 874 90 034

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
ALM Karine			DG V B			Tel + 32.2.295.80.98 Fax + 32.2.296.97.78
BAGLIO Angelo			DG V A			Tel + 32 2 295 7276 Fax + 32 2 299 45 71
BAILLLIEUX Patrice			DG VI			Tel + 32.2.295.69.61 Fax + 32.2.295.17.46
BANDARRA-JAZRA Nelly			DG VI			Tel + 32 2 295 0697 Fax + 32 2 295 1034
BOUTEILLER Didier			DG XVI			Tel + 32 2 296 1981 Fax + 32 2 296 2473
BRUNS Christian			DG V C			Tel + 32.2..296.2895 Fax + 32.2.296.9777
COYNE David			DG V B			Tel + 32.2.295.5741 Fax +32.2.296.9741
DE BRUYNE Dirk			DG VI			Tel + 32.2.295.1941 Fax + 32.2.295.7547
DELGADO Joao			DG V C			Tel + 32.2.295.37.81 Fax + 32.2.296.9776
ERONEN Noora			DG V C			Tel + 32.2.296.20.66 Fax + 32.2.296.66.46
FARRELLY Adeline			DG V B			Tel + 32.2.295.0569 Fax + 32.2.295.49.18
GAUDINA Massimo			DG XIV			Tel + 32.2.299.44.59 Fax + 32.2.296.73.60
LARSSON Allan	Directeur Général		DG V			Tel + 32.32.295.0808 Fax + 32.2.299.0194
MESSINA Carmelo			DG XVI			Tel + 32 2 295 8468 Fax + 32 2 296 2473
PADERI Lucio			DG XVI			Tel + 32 2 296 9444 Fax + 32 2 296 6005
VAN DINGENEN			DGVI			Tel + 32.2.295.3799 Fax + 32.2.296.4310
SPEAKERS
BONOMI Aldo	Employment Pact		CNEL		Viale Lubin, 2 I-00196 Rome			Tel+39 6 3692291 Fax+39 6 6632689
BUNTZLY Wilfred	Advisor		Arbeit und Lernen		G-Hamburg			Tel+4940 646 00911 Fax+49 40 646 00926
CORMAN Marie	Secrétaire Leda Partenariat		Leda Partenariat		Rue Naniot 135 B-4000 Liège			Tel+32 4 2269695 Fax+3242234734
CROOKS Tony	Advisor		Are Development Management Ltd		Dubin- Ireland			Tel+ 353 16613611 Fax+35316610411
DE RITA M.	President		CNEL		Viale Lubin 2 I-00196 Rome			Tel +39 6 3692291 Fax+39 6 663 2689
EDMONDON Bob	Advisor		North Hull Enterprises		Hull, United-Kingdom			Tel+44 1482 806700 Fax +44 1482328230
FORSBERG Marie	Advisor		Kommunen Resource Centre		Sweden			Tel+ 4663 30733 Fax+4663 304 40
GREFFE Xavier	Professor		Université Paris - Sorbonne		Cité Martignac 4 F-75007 Paris			Tel+33 1 45 554 559 Fax+33 145 554 559
GRISON René	Président du Comité de Bassin d'Emploi de Vierzon		Maison des Cultures Professionnelles		avenue Pierre Semard 28 F-18100 Vierzon			Tel+33 2 48 758512 Fax+33 2 48 755091
HANSEN Kurt	Advisor		Labour Market Council		North Jutland - Denmark			Tel+ 4599 339000 Fax +4598 120854
HOFFMAN Günther	Senior Advisor		TGS		Carl-Hopp Strasse 17 D-18069 Rostock			Tel+49381 8085221 Fax+493 18085240
ILLERIS Sven	Professor		Roskilde University		Denmark			Tel+4546757711 Fax+4546754240
MARSHALL Bob	Advisor		Glasgow Development Agency		Glasgow, United-Kingdom			Tel+44141 2041111 Fax+44 141 2481600
RAGAS Ignacir	Advisor		Barcelona City Council		Barcelona Spain			Tel+ 343 4027457 Fax+343 3018876
SEGGER M.	Prokurist		Landesentwicklungsgeschellschaft		Hobeck 12 D-40882 Ratingen			Tel+49 210286670 Fax+49 21028667111
TERZA Paulo Léon	Professor		Universita de Rome		Rome- Italie			Tel+39 6 3216668 Fax+39 6 3216713
VERBRUGGE Bert	Senior Advisor		Minstry of the Flemish Community		Markiesstraat 1 B-1000 Brussels			Tel+32 2 5073740 Fax+32 2 5024702

LRDP
MARTINOS Haris	Director	LRDP	Grosvernor Gardens 10 UK-LONDON SW1 W ODH	Tel + 44 171 411 4300 Fax +44 171 411 4301
MAGOWAN James	Consultant	LRDP	Russell Str.20 UK-Armagh BT61 9AA	Tel +44 1861 511110 Fax+44 1861 511112
MORTIMORE Cathy	Consultant	LRDP	Grosvernor Gardens 10 UK-LONDON SW1 W ODH	Tel + 44 171 411 4300 Fax +44 171 411 4301

EUROPE Innovation 2000
BARDOUIN J.	Président	Europe Innovation 2000	9-11 rue des Ménapiens 1040 Bruxelles	Tel + 32 2 743 83 23 Fax +32 2 743 83 10
FERRES M.	Expert	Europe Innovation 2000	9-11 rue des Ménapiens 1040 Bruxelles	Tel + 32 2 743 83 23 Fax +32 2 743 83 10
GRAPELOUX C.	Chargée de Mission	Europe Innovation 2000	9-11 rue des Ménapiens 1040 Bruxelles	Tel + 32 2 743 83 23 Fax +32 2 743 83 10
KALLIANTZIDIS Alkis	Expert	Europe Innovation 2000	9-11 rue des Ménapiens 1040 Bruxelles	Tel + 32 2 743 83 23 Fax +32 2 743 83 10